Electronic waste management in india pdf

MFA is a tool used to study the route of material e-waste flowing into recycling sites, or disposal areas and stocks of materials, in space and time.

It links sources, pathways, and the intermediate and final destinations of the material. Material Flow Analysis is a decision support tool for environmental and waste management Brunner and Rechberger, This tool can be applied to develop appropriate e- waste management.

This includes a consideration of the flow of e-waste and its assessment it in terms of environmental, economic and social values. They found that secondhand electronic devices from Japan are reused in Southeast Asia e. In addition, Yoshida et al. Liu et al. Many different methods are being used to estimate possible quantities of e- waste. Steubing et al. Osibanjo and Nnorom used surveys to estimate quantities of e-waste.

They found that e-waste generation will increase in China, India, Nigeria and Chile. Streicher-Porte used MFA and evaluation of economic values as a tool for system analysis of the Au and Cu that flows from personal computer recycling in India. They found that the concentration of Au and Cu and the high value of these metals resulted in profits for recyclers. It is apparent from the study conducted by Streicher-Porte that coupling of MFA and economic evaluation can be a useful tool when limited data is available and where there is rapid economic growth.

Responsibilities of the Government i Governments should set up regulatory agencies in each district, which are vested with the responsibility of co-ordinating and consolidating the regulatory functions of the various government authorities regarding hazardous substances.

Existing laws concerning e-waste disposal be reviewed and revamped. A comprehensive law that provides e-waste regulation and management and proper disposal of hazardous wastes is required. Such a law should empower the agency to control, supervise and regulate the relevant activities of government departments.

The information should include toxicity and potential harmful effects. Where the laws are flouted, stringent penalties must be imposed.

Responsibilities of the Citizen Waste prevention is perhaps more preferred to any other waste management option including recycling. Donating electronics for reuse extends the lives of valuable products and keeps them out of the waste management system for a longer time.

But care should be taken while donating such items i. By donating used electronics, schools, non-profit organizations, and lower-income families can afford to use equipment that they otherwise could not afford. E-wastes should never be disposed with garbage and other household wastes. This should be segregated at the site and sold or donated to various organizations. E-waste problems appeared initially in developed countries and now extend widely to other countries around the world.

The volume of e-waste is growing fast because consumer technology is rapidly changing and the innovation of technology results in rapid obsolescence, thus generating massive amounts of e-waste.

E-waste consists of many different materials, some of which contain a variety of toxic substances that can contaminate the environment and threaten human health, if the end-of-life management is not meticulously managed. Many case study from e-waste recycling plants confirmed that the toxic chemicals such as heavy metals and POPs have and continue to contaminate the surrounding environment. This results in considerable accumulation of hazardous substances into the ecosystem and which can adversely impact human health.

Both laboratory simulation studies and landfill leachates from disposal sites demonstrate the release of toxic substances from e-wastes with the concentration varying significantly between field and laboratory based studies. In order to mitigate e-waste problems, there are investigations in term of the volume, nature and potential environmental and human health impacts of e-waste and extensive research into e-waste management.

Any one tool may be imperfect but in concert they can complement each other to solve this issue. Moreover, a national scheme such as EPR is a good policy tool to solve the growing e-waste problem. Interaction of four tools can drive to success for e-waste management that is to develop eco-designed devices, to properly collect e-waste, recover and recycle material by safe methods, dispose of e-waste by suitable techniques, forbid the transfer of used electronic devices to developing countries, to raise awareness of the impact of e-waste pollution of both users and manufacturers.

This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Electronic waste or e-waste is one of the emerging problems in developed and developing countries worldwide. Introduction Electronic gadgets are meant to make our lives happier and simpler, but they contain toxic substances, their disposal and recycling becomes a health nightmare. Electronic waste Electronic waste commonly known as e-waste is the popular name given to electronic products nearing or at the end of its useful life.

Global scenario of e-waste Quantity of E-waste generated and the content of toxic and valuable materials, it has become an emerging problem throughout the world. Problem in urban India The Indian information technology IT industry has been one of the major drivers of change in the economy in the last decade and has contributed significantly to the digital revolution being experienced by the world.

Personal computer penetration in India Penetration of personal computers in India has increased drastically in the recent years. Open in a separate window. Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Basel convention - framing of the law The incident that led to the creation of the Basel Convention was the Khian Sea waste disposal, in which a ship carrying incinerator ash from the city of Philadelphia in the US, after having dumped half of its load on a beach in Haiti, was forced away, sailed for many months changing its name several times unable to unload its cargo in any port, and ended up dumping much of it illegally at sea.

Recycling practice Recycling faces a number of challenges, including dealing with hazardous materials such as cathode ray tube CRT glass and finding markets for flame-retardant plastics. Health and environmental impact of E-waste Electronic products are a complex mixture of several hundred tiny components, many of which contain deadly chemicals. Table 2 Toxic metals present in various types of E-waste and their effects on humans.

Figure 4. Chemical Leaching techniques of metals from E-waste Chemical leaching involves leaching either by using acid or ligand supported complexation. Biological Leaching of E-waste Sometimes, bleaching is a cost effective method in comparison to chemical leaching.

Table 3 Metals present in various types of E-waste. Hybrid Technique for metal extraction Generally biological leaching is a cost effective technique but time consuming, even the complete recovery of metal alone by biological leaching is not possible in most of the cases [ 44 ].

Conclusion India is placed among the other global nations which have generated more E-waste in quantity and especially urban India needs an urgent approach to tackle this issue. Consent Consent was obtained while photographing the individuals.

Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Author information 1. Acknowledgement The authors are grateful to Saveetha University and VIT University for providing laboratory facility and financial assistance. References Arwidsson Z, Allard B.

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Appl Environ Microbiol. A study of e-waste management in relation to awareness of college students. Int J Educ Psychol Res. Computer Law and Security Report, 23 , 73— UNEP Download references. Sushant B. Wath, P. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Sushant B. Reprints and Permissions. Wath, S. E-waste scenario in India, its management and implications. Environ Monit Assess , — Download citation. Received : 25 May Accepted : 18 January Published : 12 February Issue Date : January Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search SpringerLink Search. Abstract Electronic waste or E-waste comprises of old, end-of-life electronic appliances such as computers, laptops, TVs, DVD players, refrigerators, freezers, mobile phones, MP3 players, etc. References BAN Google Scholar EU Google Scholar Gregory, J.

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